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Sud Aviation Vautour
The Sud-Ouest Aviation (SNCASO) S.O. 4050 Vautour II was a French bomber, interceptor, and attack aircraft used by the ''Armée de l'Air'' (AdA). Later, 28 of these aircraft were used by the Israeli Air Force. ''Vautour'' is the French word for vulture.
==Development==
In June 1951 the French ''Armée de l'Air'' (AdA) issued a requirement for a jet aircraft capable of acting as a bomber, a low-level attack aircraft, or an all-weather interceptor. SNCASO adapted its existing ''S.O. 4000'' for this purpose, the first prototype ''S.O. 4050'' making its initial flight on 16 October 1952.〔Gunston 1981, p. 215.〕
Subsequently named ''Vautour II'', the aircraft was built in three versions. It entered service with the AdA in 1958, with the last French aircraft leaving frontline service in 1979. A few soldiered on in various duties into the early 1980s. The Vautour saw no combat in French service, and for much of its AdA service life it was maligned as obsolete and underpowered. Although a moderately good aircraft when originally produced, it never received sufficiently powerful engines. As an interceptor it was outclassed by the Dassault Mirage III, and as a bomber or attack aircraft its lack of an advanced navigation/attack system was a crippling limitation.
The only export customer for the Vautour was Israel, which purchased 28 for the IDF/AF. The Israeli Vautours also entered service in 1958. They saw combat against Egypt beginning the following year and in a series of actions through the Six Day War and War of Attrition. The Israeli Vautours took part in bombing, strafing and air-to-air engagements. In the Six Day War, over three days Vautours fought repeated combats with Iraqi Air Force fighters while raiding H-3 airfield in Western Iraq. On June 6, 1967, Captain Ben-Zion Zohar scored the type's only aerial victory when he downed an Iraqi Hawker Hunter, although two Vautours fell to the guns of Iraqi Hunters on the following day.〔Aloni, Shlomo. ''"In a class of its own. The story of the Sud Aviation Vautour in Israeli Service."'' Air Enthusiast, ''72''. November/December 1997. pp. 50-55.〕 In all 15 Vautours were lost. They were retired in 1971 in favor of the A-4 Skyhawk, and the last aircraft left service in March 1972, serving as decoys in the Sinai. The Israelis were pleased with the Vautour's range and versatility, and it was well regarded in Israeli service.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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